Protestant Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Protestant - Assignment Example sts likewise scrutinized the more seasoned comprehension and implications of scriptural sacred texts, and made endeavors to deliver improved clarifications of the predominant scriptural words. The devotees of the liberal mainline Protestant Christianity have confidence in the presence of a Deity for example Trinity that incorporates the Father, the Holy Spirit and the Son. They accept that emblematically, Jesus Christ is an indication or manifestation of the God. God is the maker of universe and proof that emerges because of logical experimentation underpins this thought. They likewise accept that passing isn't the end; fiendishness will be rebuffed while acceptable acts will be remunerated in existence in the wake of death (Albanese 106). The more established conviction in regards to legacy of ‘original sin’ (Adam and Eve) isn't promptly acknowledged by many. Rather than following a strict idea in regards to enduring of the mankind, the liberal Protestants are increasingly disposed towards following the humanistic methodology which adjusts intimately with the cutting edge thought of helping the poor in the midst of hardship. Generally, the liberal methodology looks to discover sane responses to strict inquiries and in doing as such, focuses the choices on information that is now procured by people by logical

Shopping as an American Culture Value Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Shopping as an American Culture Value - Essay Example The conflict is that however American culture has been controlled into tolerating materialistic 'must have' commercialization as a social worth, there are those, over a wide span of time, who give a promise of something better to an arrival to the better, progressively sympathetic estimations of the American lifestyle. As indicated by Rao (2004), composing from an Indian perspective, the American Dream exemplified opportunity, and majority rules system in a place that is known for circumstances. In exploring the book, 'Affluenza: The All Consuming Epidemic', he refered to figures from De Graff et al (2003): Implanting of this worth was reflected in one survey found that 93% of high school American young ladies rate shopping as their preferred movement. (Rao, 2004). He further fought that just around one fourth of shopping center customers are looking to purchase a particular thing, the rest use shopping as treatment, for entertainment, or only for the good of its own. Americans when all is said in done would appear to have embraced shopping as a social worth, a lifestyle. ... There is little uncertainty that individuals are purchasing, not from need, however spending over their methods so as to get assets in a quest for bliss and to have a place with their way of life. They should have the most current design, the best brand, the greatest house, the quickest vehicle so as to feel esteemed. Social hypothesis gives a few answers with respect to how this has occurred. With the end goal for organizations to make benefits, they no longer look for just to deliver to address issues, yet ensure that request levels remain high, thus keep up the development of an industrialist framework. By showcasing and spurring individuals to purchase, this is cultivated; a mental control has all the earmarks of being set up. Publicizing, advertising and the broad communications have gotten fundamental to the incitement of interest through the consistent development of new needs. The pictures and personalities they spread guarantee fulfillments before ages never longed for. They recommend ways of life of unending obtaining what's more, endless marvelousness, which can be had at the pleasurable cost of just purchasing to an ever increasing extent. (Noble, 2000, p. 231) This shows how individuals can be sucked into the shopping vortex, with practically zero respect for its consequences for the individual or the world by and large. The effect around the world, where less fortunate countries make the merchandise, on low compensation (rendering American specialists jobless), in at times slave-like conditions, to take care of the covetousness of multinationals and purchasers, presents a corrupt and insensitive side of private enterprise. Sanders (2000), in an article on Maytag and the North American Free Trade Agreement, expressed: The straightforward truth is that American laborers can't, and ought not be contending against frantic laborers in creating nations who are compelled to work for pennies 60 minutes. (Why Overcoming

Symptoms of Being High on Mephedrone

Symptoms of Being High on Mephedrone Addiction Addictive Behaviors Print Symptoms of Being High on Mephedrone By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Updated on February 21, 2020 Portra / Getty Images More in Addiction Addictive Behaviors Caffeine Internet Shopping Sex Alcohol Use Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand Dosage and Duration of Intoxication Stimulant  Effects Entactogen Effects Cravings Withdrawal Related Effects View All Back To Top Mephedrone is a recent designer drug, commonly referred to as bath salts, and is one of the most popular recreationally used new psychoactive substances. Like MDMA, it shares similarities with stimulants and with hallucinogens, and psychopharmacological research indicates that it is similar to stimulant drugs, such as amphetamines.?? Although it has been popularized as a safer alternative, there are medical risks associated with this drug, and the risks are similar to those of amphetamines. Although new on the drug scene, there has been some limited research documenting the effects of mephedrone. This is what users say it feels like to get high on mephedrone. Dosage and Duration of Intoxication A study of 100 mephedrone users indicated that an average dose, of 97mg, with 500mg typically being consumed over the course of a drug-using session. The typical first session lasted for 6 hours, and other drugs were used in conjunction with mephedrone.  On this  first occasion of use,  participants reported drinking alcohol, using  cocaine,  taking  MDMA, smoking  cannabis,  and/or taking  ketamine.?? In subsequent sessions, most took 125mg intranasally by snorting, or orally. The injection is much less common but has been documented, sometimes with severe negative consequences.  These later experiences typically lasted 10 hours, during which 1000mg, with 60 minute breaks between dosages. Use of other substances continued to be the norm, and use took place in groups of ten or so.?? Stimulant  Effects The initial sensations associated with getting high on mephedrone are similar to those of other stimulant drugs, and include  â€˜self-confidence’, ‘buzzing’,  â€˜dizziness’ and ‘impaired concentration and memory’.  In another study, mephedrone users described  a pleasant mood, euphoria, ease, suppressed appetite, dry mouth, sharpened  perception, insomnia and increased energy occurring most of the time when on mephedrone.?? The stimulant and energizing effects of mephedrone, as with other stimulants, are often a motivator for users to take the drug. However, lack of sleep that accompanies the use of stimulants, including mephedrone, is well known, and include mental and physical problems, particularly after longer-term use. Entactogen Effects Entactogen effects add to the more straightforward feelings of stimulation and being wide-awake and energetic, with feelings of connection to self and others. This is described by users as  feelingoneself close to others, enhanced empathy,  and is most frequently attributed to the drug, ecstasy or MDMA.??  A reduction in feelings of hostility towards others and an increased sense of personal insight are also reported. When these feelings of being comfortable with others, and with oneself, are  combined with increased feelings of sexual desire and stimulation, enhanced mood, talkativeness, intensification of sensory experience, increased self-confidence  and increased urge to move, it is easy to see how mephedrone  could  become a party and play drug. Indeed, as with ecstasy, the use of mephedrone can easily transfer from the nightclub scene to sex parties. Unfortunately, this also increases the risks to users. Cravings Even shortly after taking mephedrone users to report a strong feeling of  â€˜wanting’ more of  the drug. This mephedrone craving  was  the most frequently reported acute effect of the drug in  one study.??   Further, ‘wanting mephedrone’ was also intensified  when users were actually sober but were thinking about their next mephedrone.   Withdrawal Related Effects Tiredness, insomnia, nasal congestion, and impaired concentration were the most  prevalent  withdrawal-related effects (with nasal congestion the  most intense effect).??

UK Sofa-Bed Market Free Essay Example, 2000 words

Usually, a combination of demographic variables is used to segment the market. According to this segmentation, the consumer wants and abilities change as they age or mature. Gender is also an important variable because men and women have different attitudes and behave differently when it comes to products and buying decisions. Income, another important demographic variable, determines the ability of the consumer to participate in the market exchange. Regarding income, it does not always provide with the accurate segmentation, because there are other factors such as attitudes, values, and lifestyle that affect the buying decisions of the consumer. Social class is another important demographic variable that needs to be taken into consideration while segmenting the market. Social class builds up preferences amongst consumers for different brands and products. Many companies design products and services which cater to specific social classes. Psychographic segmentation is what follows t he important demographic segmentation. Psychographics is the science of using psychology and demographics together to better understand the consumers. Under the psychographic segmentation, consumers are divided into different groups based on the personality traits, lifestyle or values. We will write a custom essay sample on UK Sofa-Bed Market or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Different people will seek different benefits from the same product.

Jones Blair - Strategic Marketing Management - 1108 Words

This case is discussing the U.S. paint industry and especially the case of Jones Blair Company under the direction of Alexander Barrett. This industry contains almost 600 paints firms and is divided into three broad segments: architectural coatings, original equipment manufacturing coatings, and special-purpose coatings where each segment serves a specific need. Jones Blair Company produces and markets architectural paint and original equipment manufacturing coatings under the Jones Blair brand name. In addition to manufacturing a full line of architectural paint, the company sells sundries under Jones Blair brand name but not produced by their firm. Jones Blair Company divided the market, which contains more than 1200 outlets, into†¦show more content†¦He could get information from the internet, friends through word of mouth, advertisements in newspaper or magazines or even on media, from professionals, from retailers. Decide on store: here comes the most important and difficult decision to do. Big stores like WAL-MART may affect the decision taken because of the location, offers, and other factors. Thus, many factors may affect the consumer decision other than the quality and prices. After doing all this analysis, consumer must match his budget with the chosen alternative whether he could purchase it or not. Decide on product: in this step, consumer purchases the chosen alternative. The marketing mix of Jones Blair Company: Price: Jones Blair Company has now the highest prices of paint in this industry. Products: The architectural coatings and the original equipment manufacturing coatings are used for durable goods like automobiles, trucks, transportation equipment, furniture, and fixtures, metal containers and building products, industrial machinery and equipments. Moreover, the company sells sundries such as brushes, rollers, paint removers and thinners. Distribution: Jones Blair Company markets its paint and sundry in over 50 countries in Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Louisiana from its plant and headquarters in Dallas, Texas. The company distributesShow MoreRelatedJones-Blair Case Anaylsis1598 Words   |  7 PagesTierha Jones Thursday, July 26, 2012 Jones-Blair Company Case Analysis Graduate Marketing Class Snell Jones-Blair Company Case Analysis Strategic Issues and Problems: The Jones Blair Company competes in a 50-county area throughout Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Louisiana. Their major business and financial center is located in eleven county Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan areas. Jones Blair Company is a privately held corporation that produces and markets paint under the Jones-Blair brandRead MoreUnity And Delta s Situations1530 Words   |  7 Pagesof UNITY Unity is one of the few providers of global shareholder and employee management services in the world. Unity, which has over 8000 employees and a market capitalization of approximately $2bn, administered over 60 million shareholder accounts for over 10,000 corporations in 12 different countries. Unity provided full range of transfer agency services, regular shareholder services, employee share plan management services, branding services, corporate action services and any manner of complexRead MoreRole Of Branding On Consumer Buying Behaviour Among Textile Ghana Fabric Users Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesAwunyo-Vitor, D. (2014). Assessing the role of branding in the marketing of pharmaceutical products in Ghana: A case of three pharmaceutical companies. African journal of business management. vol 8(13): 502-510: doi: 10.5897/AJBM2013.7297 Artz, K.W., Norman, P.M., Hatfield, D.E. and Cardinal, L.B., (2010) â€Å"A longitudinal Study of the Impact of RD, Patents, and Product innovation on form Performance†, Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 27, no.5, pp. 725–740. Doi:10.1111/j.540-5885.2010.00747Read MoreAnalyzing the Decision Making Process2190 Words   |  9 Pagestendency to †¦make specific inferences on the basis of an overall impression, Rosenzweig explains on page 8 of his peer-reviewed article. Psychologist Edward Thorndike originated the halo effect in 1920, and this is not an effect that is limited to marketing; in fact the halo effect is to be found in a number of walks of life, Rosenzweig continues. I had an impression that the jewelry I was wearing brought so many smiles and positive comments from women that my impression was very positive and motivatedRead MoreMarketing Management Strategy of L’oreal Groups2776 Words   |  12 PagesMarketing Management Strategy of L ’Oreal Groups Introduction Many cosmetic brands are popping up recently, perhaps, due to the increasing consumers of products that beautify and enhance the physical appearance of a person. Even though the market is already full of the said cosmetic brands, the company L’Oreal Groups could still be considered as the leading supplier of cosmetics and hair-color. This study is a brief overview of the marketing concepts and strategy of the said company. The companyRead MoreIkea Strategic Position3791 Words   |  16 PagesStrategic Management 1 | Assignment 2 | The purpose of this paper is to conduct a position analysis of the IKEA Corporation. It presents a profile of the company operations, identifies its strategic issues and challenges and analyses strategies which it has contributed to it gaining a competitive advantage. | | WORD COUNT: 3139 STUDENT ID | 8/26/2011 | | INTRODUCTION IKEA is a privately held, international home products company that designs and sellsRead MoreSolution Manual, Test Bank and Instructor Manuals34836 Words   |  140 PagesFirst Book of C++, 4th Edition_Gary J. Bronson (SM+TB+IM) A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 5th Edition_Daryl L. Logan (SM) A First Course in the Finite Element Method, SI Version, 5th Edition_ Daryl L. Logan (SM) A Framework for Marketing Management, 4E_Philip R Kotler,Kevin Lane Keller (TB) A Friendly Introduction to Numerical Analysis,Brian Bradie (ISM) A Guide to International Financial Reporting Standards, 3rd Edition_Belverd E. Needles, Marian Powers (SM+TB) A Guide to ModernRead MoreThe News Corporation - Strategic Analysis7537 Words   |  31 PagesCase 2 The News Corporation Case 2 Strategic Management in the Media The News Corporation Leeuwarden March 23, 2011 Content Executive Summary 4 Introduction 1 1. What where the most important occurrences in the past and how did the new corporation adjust to the new situation? 2 1.1 Key historical developments and recent developments 2 1.2 Recent developments 3 1.3 Historical analysis 5 2. What are the global and corporate strategies ensuring a successful developmentRead MoreExpansion of the Spanish Clothing Retailer Zara in5051 Words   |  21 Pagescountry and the competition of the current clothing lines available in the market.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In order to solve such complexities, the solution is to implement strategic marketing approach in terms of advertisement and promotion to make the target market become aware of the existence of the product in the marketplace. In addition, strategic market planning can also be attributed as a better solution to ensure that the product will be introduced effectively. The only problem that is unsolved is toRead MoreMedical Tourism22177 Words   |  89 Pages.......... 5 Chapter Summary.................................................................................... 6 Introduction ................................................................................................. 7 Traditional strategic management ........................................................ 7 The services sector .............................................................................. 7 Criticism of Porter’s Five Forces ............................... ..............

List of lessons learnt from Assignment Free Essays

Especially for two people in a very small team. At beginning to estimate time frame for the whole project, the team based on own experience, which is very shallow, to give time frame for whole project. I knew that it should not be done by this way because the risk probability is very high. We will write a custom essay sample on List of lessons learnt from Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3. The Quality Plan is very important. It sets an assurance for the project. I did not clearly understand the Quality Plan until I do he dry-run of the assignment 3 and get the helpful feedback. After that I did research for this and realize that for every Sprint in this project, the processes of handle the Quality are really not Just about testing. List of lessons learnt from Assignment 3: give time trame tor whole project. I knew that it should not be done by this way How to estimate time trame tor the whole project using the on technical presentation. Atter the dry-run, the team tound out that t handle the Quality are really not Just about testing. How to cite List of lessons learnt from Assignment, Papers

List of lessons learnt from Assignment Free Essays

Especially for two people in a very small team. At beginning to estimate time frame for the whole project, the team based on own experience, which is very shallow, to give time frame for whole project. I knew that it should not be done by this way because the risk probability is very high. We will write a custom essay sample on List of lessons learnt from Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3. The Quality Plan is very important. It sets an assurance for the project. I did not clearly understand the Quality Plan until I do he dry-run of the assignment 3 and get the helpful feedback. After that I did research for this and realize that for every Sprint in this project, the processes of handle the Quality are really not Just about testing. List of lessons learnt from Assignment 3: give time trame tor whole project. I knew that it should not be done by this way How to estimate time trame tor the whole project using the on technical presentation. Atter the dry-run, the team tound out that t handle the Quality are really not Just about testing. How to cite List of lessons learnt from Assignment, Papers

What Is Culture Essays (599 words) - Anthropology,

What Is Culture? What is Culture? With a diverse population existing in the United States today, our country is a melting pot of different cultures, each one unique in its own respect. Culture, distinguishing one societal group from another, includes beliefs, behaviors, language, traditions, art, fashion styles, food, religion, politics, and economic systems. Through lifelong and ever changing processes of learning, creativity, and sharing, culture shapes our patterns of behavior and thinking. A cultures significance is so profound that it touches almost every aspect of who and what we are. Culture becomes the lens through which we perceive and evaluate what is going on around us (Henslin, 1993). Trying to define the complex term of culture with varying elements of distinguishable characteristics is a difficult task. Perhaps, a description of a culture would be easier to explain. For instance, an Iranian woman has just appeared in your office for services and it is immediately evident that her culture is very different than yours. First, her dark colored clothing covers her entire body from head to toe, including a black veil over her face. Secondly, as she speaks, a cultural difference is detected in both, her language and gestures. Her accent and the non-visible facial expressions create a barrier for comprehending the communication. Later, as the service for the woman progresses, her beliefs, values, and norms of her culture are dispelled. For example, in order for the woman to show her face to another male in public, she must first request permission from her husband to unveil. During further discussion, it becomes even more apparent, that this Iranian woman is subservien t and possesses a lower level of status than that of Iranian males. All of these characteristics are indicative of this womans culture. As conveyed in the above description, the characteristics represent the unique symbols of ones culture. Symbols, in representative form of communication, art, expressions, materials, and so on, allow a cultural group to develop complex thoughts and to exchange those thoughts with each other. Through the exchanging of symbols, ones cultural ideas, beliefs, and values, are passed on from one generation to the next. People are not born with culture; they have to learn it. Throughout the development of the entire life span, culture is learned from the society in which we live. Furthermore, in the diverse population of the United States, ethnic groups or societies will have to interact with other groups outside the realm of their individual self. In order to do so, it is necessary for the societies to exchange languages, ideas, or even, technology. In addition, the changing environments of the world population requires a need for cultural adaptation for basic survival. For example, a move from the United States, where basic resources are plentiful, to Russia, where the resources are scarce, would force an adaptation to the cultural differences in order to develop a new lifestyle. In conclusion, culture defines who we are, how we think, and how we behave. Some kinds of culture are include better means of making life securer than others. Cultural traits that offer some advantages, utility, or even pleasures are sought and accepted by societies. According to a prominent anthropologist, Culture is contagious. A culture is a means to an end: the security and continuity of life. (Britannica.com, p.12). References Henslin, J. (1993). Sociology: a down to earth approach. Needham Heights: Simon & Schuster, Inc. Introduction to culture. Britannica Encyclopedia. Retrieved Sept. 8, 2000 from the World Wide Web: http://www.britannica.com/bcom/ed/article/6/0,5716,118246+12+109857,00.html Sociology

Research Paper Final Draft

Research Paper Final Draft Research Paper Final Draft Maria Flemming Ms. Stanek Honors English 10 12 January 2011 Smoking Bans: A Necessity Last year, tobacco consumption was blamed for fifty billion dollars in direct health care costs by anti-smoking organizations as well as one hundred billion dollars that was lost in productivity (Parrish). The smoking bans that have already been implemented help everything from the natural environment to the smokers themselves. Secondhand smoking is breathing the smoke from another person’s cigarettes, or breathing the smoke that the smoker exhales (Bailey, Sprague). Secondhand smoke greatly affects children and can cause them to develop permanent health problems. Adults are also affected; thousands of adults die each year because of the dangerous, but preventable effects of secondhand smoke. It might seem that smoking bans would drive some people away from businesses, but in fact, the opposite is true (Bailey, Sprague). All over the world, groups have been working to decrease smoking in public places. Smoking bans should be implemented in publ ic places because both the general population and businesses are in favor of the bans. This is because of the many negative health effects associated with secondhand smoke. First of all, smoking bans have already started to help. After Ireland passed several smoking bans, the amount of nicotine and carbon monoxide in the air decreased by more than eighty percent (â€Å"Europe†). In 2003, New York City was one of the first cities to ban public smoking; according to a study conducted by the Health Department, the improvement in air quality was almost immediate (Isralowitz). Alex Rich states in his article that, â€Å" Many smokers who are trying to quit have found that bans have aided in this effort by 'de-normalizing' the behavior and limiting the places they are allowed to light up. In fact, smoking bans have resulted in decreased tobacco consumption in some areas by as much as 10 percent† (Rich, Griswold). Therefore, bans help smokers to become healthier by decreasing the amount of smoking they can do. There are an overwhelming number of negative effects when people smoke in public places. Children are the most affected by secondhand smoke. In 2009, statistics showed that more women are smoking and as many as seven-hundred million children are exposed to secondhand smoke each year (Bailey, Sprague). Children and infants are greatly affected because their body systems are not yet fully developed (Rich, Griswold). For instance, one effect of secondhand smoke exposure is fluid building up in the middle ear, which causes a middle ear infection (Parrish). The biggest reason children are hospitalized each year is because of middle ear infections (Parrish). Secondhand smoke also affects a child’s teeth (Bailey, Sprague). According to the Academy of General Dentistry, children that breathe secondhand smoke regularly develop their permanent teeth about four months later than children not exposed to the smoke (Parrish). Even if someone only breathes a small amount of secondhand smoke at one time, the risk of developing heart disease increases by twenty-five to thirty percent (Isralowitz). Because the bodie s of young people are still forming, people under the age of eighteen are not permitted to buy cigarettes (Bailey, Sprague). If a young person smokes, it can permanently damage their lungs and cause pneumonia, asthma, and bronchitis (Rich and Griswold). Secondhand smoke is also related to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) (Isralowitz). If a woman is exposed to secondhand smoke while she is pregnant, her child is more likely to show symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), than a child that was not exposed the chemicals in secondhand smoke (Parrish). Approximately 150,000 to 300,000 children also develop lower respiratory tract infections because of the smoke (Parrish). A good reason to ban smoking in public places is to keep children safe. In many of the same ways,

Halloween Vocabulary in Spanish

Halloween Vocabulary in Spanish Are you celebrating Halloween? With this vocabulary list, you can do it in Spanish. la araà ±a - spider. la bruja - witch. Much like the English word, bruja can also be used to refer to a strongly disliked woman. el brujo - wizard, sorcerer. la calabaza - pumpkin. This word can also refer to various kinds of gourds, such as a calabash. la casa embrujada - haunted house. Embrujado is the past participle of embrujar, usually translated as to bewitch. el diablo - devil. The English and Spanish words come from the same Latin source. Note the similarity with diabolical. el disfraz - costume or disguise. el duende - goblin. The word can refer to various kinds of magical creatures such as elves and imps. A person who has a certain kind of magic or charm about him or her can be said to tener duende. los dulces, los caramelos - candy. As an adjective, dulce is simply the word for sweet. And while caramelo can refer to caramel, it most often refers to candies in general. Caramelo is probably related to miel, the word for honey. el esqueleto - skeleton. el fantasma - ghost. Like most other words of Greek origin that end in -ma, fantasma is masculine, making an exception to the rule that nouns ending in -a are typically feminine. el gato negro - black cat. el hechizo - spell (as from a witch). The word can also refer to a persons charm. The verb form, meaning to cast a spell, is hechizar. la jack-o-lantern - jack-o-lantern. The decoration can also be described as a calabaza iluminada, lighted pumpkin. la magia - magic. Something magical is mgico. la mscara - mask. This is the source of the English mascara. la momia - mummy. The English and Spanish come from an Arabic word referring to an embalmed body. el murcià ©lago - bat (the animal that flies). This word is derived from the Latin mouse (rat) and caecus (blind), so its original meaning was blind mouse. Noche de Brujas - Halloween. The phrase literally translates as Witches Night, and Dà ­a de Brujas, Witches Day, is also used. It also is very common in the United States and some other areas with U.S. influence to use Halloween. el superhà ©roe, la superheroà ­na - superhero. In modern usage, it is not unusual to hear  the form la superhà ©roe  for a female superhero. la telaraà ±a - cobweb, spider web. This is a combination of two words, tela, usually referring to fabric, and araà ±a, the word for spider. In a different context, telaraà ±a can also refer to a net (such as one for catching fish) or a tangle of cables, strings or similar items. truco o trato - trick or treat. The English phrase is often used as well. Truco is often translated as trick, such as a trick of the trade or a magic trick. Trato, on the other hand, normally is a contract or agreement. It doesnt mean treat, although it can mean treatment when it refers to the way someone treats someone else. el vampiro, la vampira - vampire. The word probably came from Hungarian. el/la zombi - zombie. The English spelling is sometimes used.

Data mining Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Data mining Assignment - Essay Example Generally there are incidences of fraud that have not yet been detected (Borzykowski, 2012 p. 34). With increased cases of fraud, it is a high time for effective measures to be applied to combat these crimes for once and for all. All the merchants, banking systems and the card owners should enroll on application of effective measures. With the application of data mining, one is capable of determining the hot spots which are the target for these crimes. Due to increased technology in businesses, application of computer science Information Technology would help solve this phenomenon (Borzykowski, 2012 p. 34). Efficient fraud detection unveils suspicious behaviors providing alarms to the organization.Cases of fraud experienced in data mining are collected (Tan, 2013, p.345). Metrics for calculating the fraud data are designed and an automated mode of their calculation is developed. Finally the IT expert’s develops a detection model for the fraud. Globally more than 30% of firms h ave experienced fraud in the year 2009.Retail businesses like supermarket have enrolled in usage of closed-circuit televisions in conjunction with POS data in fraud detection (Tan, 2013, p.345). 2. Introduction Fraud detection can be categorized into statistical techniques and artificial intelligence. Statistical data analysis involves pre-processing of data like detection, validation, error correction; missing and invalid data rectification. One can match algorithms in detection of any abnormality in transactions. Forensic accountants specialize in procurement and analysis of electronic data in detection and rectification of an error. Merchandising agents have started using un-supervised methods like Break Point Analysis and Bolton Hand Use Analysis in detection of credit cards accounts frauds. Peer group analysis is capable of detecting individuals who behave in a different way compared to the previous individuals seen. Break point analysis detects the abnormal transactions in a g iven account (Robert, John and Gary, 2009, p.543). A three level profiling operates at the account level to detect any form of fraud. Normal profiling and behavioral profiling are applied. Human pattern reorganization and automated data algorithms are linked to create Domain-Specific Interfaces to visually present the accounts holder’s data (Robert et al 2009, p.543). Banks should start using advanced software to detect any miscellaneous transactions. More security measures like pin and ZIP codes should be provided by the customer whenever he or she is conducting any transaction. The software will detect any transaction done at a far distance from the card owner’s geographical location. More details of the card owner like a passport photo should be displayed every time. The photo will enable the merchant or the bank to compare the physical appearance of the customer and determine if he or she is the authorized person. One will be able to determine the common area in wh ich the owner conducts his or her transaction most frequently (Borzykowski, 2012 p. 35). Card owners should also be vigilant by ensuring that they do perform regular checks of their accounts. They should keep their important documents in safe places and besides being cautious on the people whom they have authorized to perform their transactions. The government needs to take serious measures on any person accused of conducting fraud crimes (Borzykowski, 2012 p. 35). 3. Data Mining Data mining is a field of computer science that deals with

Comparing Marcuse, Freire and Gramsci Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Comparing Marcuse, Freire and Gramsci - Essay Example According to his theory of politics, the downfall of the emancipator politics is caused by little understanding of the basis of power of the institution. The lack of adequate knowledge is majorly brought about by the relationship that existed between politics and the popular culture. According to the theory, the political education of a marginalized area determines the occurrence of changes in the political and social life of the region. In order to eliminate the domination relations, a new culture has to be created. The masses should also be transformed into being conscious of the political on-goings in the state. According to Gramsci’s theory of politics, in the modern state, the relations of domination are maintained and protected by the coercion and force (Borg, Buttigieg & Mayo 27). The relations are also maintained through the practices of consent and persuasion.

diversity in organizations

diversity in organizations Introduction This paper aims to show a deep examination of how diversity is interpreted and wrongfully applied in many organizations today. In this essay, I would explore and discuss the term â€Å"Diversity†, its definitions, merits, demerits, its varied applications and if there is a cause and effect relationship between diversity workforce and organizational effectiveness. This essay would also show why the term diversity is remotely satisfying and elaborate on the need for a new paradigm for understanding Diversity. My study supports the principles of the Diversity theory but not its varied applications which inhibit organizational effectiveness. Diversity The term â€Å"diversity† has found its place in almost all HRM literature; the front page. Jackson et al (1993), states that â€Å"the term diversity has little history within the behavioural sciences and is not (yet) a scientific construct. Instead, it is an everyday term that sprang to life rather recently, nourished by widespread media coverage of the â€Å"managing diversity† activities that organizations are adopting in response to changing work-force demographics. Nevertheless, the body of social science research relevant to understanding the dynamics of diversity in organizations is not large, although it is widely dispersed across sub disciplines that cross reference each other nor have a common terminology† (See Friedman, 1996:67). Another interesting definition is found in Ashkanasy et al (2002) which defines diversity as a concept that â€Å"encompasses acceptance and respect. It means the understanding that each individual is unique and recognizing our individual differences. They can be along the dimensions of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs, political beliefs and other ideologies and the exploration of these differences in a safe, positive and nurturing environment. Diversity is about understanding each other and moving beyond simple tolerance to embracing and celebrating the rich dimensions of diversity contained within each individual† Allen et al (2008) asserts that diversity is a challenge and that â€Å"organizations have struggled to embrace and manage it successfully. Researchers have struggled to conceptualize and study the term effectively. Theorists predict differing effects of Diversity: that they will spark integrative insights, creativity and innovation (e.g. Finkelstein and Hambrick, 1996; Hoffman and Maier, 1961) or that they will provoke conflict, division and dissolution (e.g. Chatman, 1991; Tajfel and Turner, 1979)†. Workforce Diversity (A Critical Analysis) Structural Diversity Vs Demographic Diversity â€Å"The demographics of the workforce are changing and will continue to change rapidly. Almost every organization looks different – both in terms of who’s employed and they positions they hold, than it did ten years ago† (Sonnenschien, 1999:2). Jackson et al (1995) also asserts that the â€Å"changing work-force demographics and new organizational forms are increasing the diversity of work teams in general and decision making teams in particular. Given these environmental changes, work teams that are diverse in terms of sex, race, and ethnicity, national origin, area of expertise, organizational affiliation and many other personal characteristics are increasingly common. The changing demographics of today’s labour force, account for the increasing gender diversity, cultural diversity (including cultural differences due to race and ethnicity) and age diversity (See Kling, Hyde, Showers and Buswell, 1999; Konrad, Ritchie, Lieb and Corrigall, 2000; Roberso n and Block, 2001)†. According to Ongari and Argolla (2007) â€Å"Workforce diversity is a complex phenomenon to manage in an organization. The management of workforce diversity as a tool to increase organizational effectiveness cannot be underscored, especially with current changes sweeping across the globe. It is argued that organizations that value diversity will definitely cultivate success and have a future in this dynamic global labour market (Jain and Verma, 1996). Workforce diversity management has become an important issue for both governments and private organizations. Its importance has mainly been brought about by the free movement of labour due to globalization and the fight for human rights by certain minority groups who feel excluded from the employment sector. The workforce diversity emerged mainly to further the availability of equal opportunities in the work place. This equal opportunity philosophy is aimed at ensuring that organizational make the most out of the difference from a dive rse workforce rather than losing talent which might assist the organization to be more efficient and effective. The increased mobility and interaction of people from diverse backgrounds as a result of improved economic and political systems and the recognition of human rights by all nations has put most organizations under pressure to embrace diversity at the work place. Diversity brings with it the heterogeneity that needs to be nurtured, cultivated and appreciated as means of increasing organizational effectiveness†. A more diverse workforce according to Thomas and Ely (1996) will increase organizational effectiveness. â€Å"It would lift morale, bring greater access to new segments of the market place and enhance productivity. Yet if this is true, what then are the positive impacts of diversity? Numerous and varied initiatives to increase diversity in corporate organizations have been under way for over a decade† (Sonnenschein, 1992:49). â€Å"Rarely, however, have those efforts spurred organizational effectiveness, Instead, many attempts to increase diversity in the workplace have backfired, sometimes even heightening and hindering a company’s performance† (Tsui and Gutek, 1999). As is commonly ascribed, Riodan (2000) asserts most people assume that workforce â€Å"diversity is about increasing racial, national, gender or class representation in other words, recruiting and retaining most people from traditionally underrepresented identity groups†. Taking this commonly held supposition as a starting point, Thomas and Ely (1996) set out to investigate the link between diversity and organizational effectiveness and they found that â€Å"thinking of diversity simply in terms of identifying group representations inhibited effectiveness†. They also found that organizations usually follow â€Å"two paths in managing diversity, In the name of empathy and fairness, the organizations encourage women and people of colour to blend in or they set them apart in jobs that relate specifically to their backgrounds, assigning them, for example to areas that require them to interface with clients and customers of the same identity group†. In this kind of c ase, companies are operating on the assumption that the main virtue identity groups have to offer is knowledge of their own people. â€Å"This assumption is limited and detrimental to diversity efforts† â€Å"(See Elsass Graves, 1997; Finkelstein Hambrick, 1996; Jackson, May and Whitney, 1995; Milliken Martins, 1996; Reskin, McBrier Kmec, 1999; Shaw Barrett Power, 1998)† A recent meta-analysis of the effects of task related (e.g. tenure) and non task related (e.g. ethnic and gender) diversity, by Weber Donahue (2001) â€Å"revealed no dependable effects on organizational effectiveness, performance or cohesiveness†. Williams and O’Reilly (1998) assert that â€Å"diversity goes beyond increasing the number of different identity groups’ affiliations† in a company but that diversity should be seen and â€Å"understood as the varied perspectives and approaches to work that members of different identity groups bring†. Another argument is by Cummings (2004) which says that â€Å"effective work groups engage in external knowledge sharing- the exchange of information, know-how and feedback with customers, organizational experts and others outside the group. This paper argues that the value of external knowledge sharing increases when work groups are structurally diverse†. â€Å"A structurally diverse work group is one in which the members, by virtue of their different organizational affiliations, roles or positions, can expose the group to unique sources of knowledge. It is hypothesized that if members of structurally diverse work groups engage in external knowledge sharing, their performance will improve because of this active exchange of knowledge through unique external sources†. Cummings (2004) also assert that â€Å"scholars examining diversity in work groups have primarily focused on the consequences of demographic diversity (e.g. member differences in sex, age, or tenure) for processes such as communication, conflict, or social integration† ( See also Jehn et al, 1999, Pelled et al, 1999 and O’Reilly et al, 1989). â€Å"The consistently negative effects of demographic diversity on group processes are likely the result of heightened member emphasis on social categories rather than project relevant information. Demographic diversity should not increase the value of intra-group knowledge sharing or external knowledge sharing unless it exposes members to unique sources of knowledge related to the work† (for a review see Williams and O’Reilly. 1998). Relatively, â€Å"little attention has been given to member differences in organizational affiliations, roles or positions. With the rise in labour costs, global expansion and corporate mergers, workgroups are often used as a means for connecting members who are dispersed across different geographic locations, who represent different functions and report to different managers or who work in different business units â€Å" (DeSanctis and Monge, 1999; Jarvenpaa and Leidner, 1999; Maznevski and Chudoba, 2000). This variation in features of the group structure is introduced here as â€Å"structural diversity because of its potential to expose members to different sources of task information, know-how and feedback. Four types of structural diversity in work groups† are mentioned below as: â€Å"Geographic locations† (See Van den Bulte Moenaert, 1998), â€Å"Functional assignments† (See Bunderson Sutcliffe, 2002), â€Å"Reporting managers† (e.g. Burns, 1989) and in â€Å"Business units† (See Hansen, 2002) Another research done by Siciliano (1996) on 240 YMCA organizations, found no significant relationship between diversity and organizational effectiveness. Middleton (1987) also asserted that â€Å"diversity in any form has no impact on the operating efficiencies of an organization and diversity does not appear to influence one way or another, an organization’s tendency to perform its control function. Merits of Managing Workforce Diversity â€Å"Managing diversity can create a competitive advantage. Potential benefits of diversity include better decision making, higher creativity and innovation, greater success in marketing to foreign and domestic ethnic minority communities and a better distribution of economic opportunity† (Cox, 1991; Cox Blake, 1991). According to one study (Watson et al, 1993) â€Å"culturally diverse groups relative to homogenous groups are more effective both in the interaction process and job performance; these benefits occur after a diverse group has been put together for a period of time†. Mueller (1998) states that â€Å"as all the segments of society have a stake in the development and prosperity of society as a whole, creating and managing a diverse workforce should be seen as a social and moral imperative†. â€Å"As globalisation is increasing, diversity will help organizations to enter the international arena† (Cascio, 1998). â€Å"Diversity enhances creativi ty and innovation (Adler, 1997; Jackson et al, 1992) and produces competitive advantages (Coleman, 2002; Jackson et al, 1992)†. â€Å"Diversity teams make it possible to enhance flexibility (Fleury, 1999) and rapid response and adaptation to change (Adler, 1997’ Jackson et al, 1992)†. Organizational Challenges â€Å"Companies can succeed at diversity if the initiative to create, manage and value the diverse workforce has the full support of the top management† (Hayes, 1999; Jackson et al, 1992). Fiske, 1993 states that â€Å"for increased effectiveness and adaptation of the diversity discourse, companies have to start thinking about diversity more holistically- â€Å"as providing fresh and meaningful approaches to work and stop assuming that diversity relates simply to how a person looks or where† they are from, only then would companies reap diversity’s full rewards† and â€Å"Organizations with a diverse workforce can provide superior services because they can better understand customers’ needs (Weitling Palma-Rivas, 2000). Hiring women, minorities, disabled, etc will help organizations to tap into these niche markets (Mueller, 1998) and diversified market segments† (Fleury, 1999). Jackson et al (1995) state that â€Å"the business economy has received much recent attention, with trade barriers are removed and competition intensifies, many companies are beginning to expand their operations in order to take advantage of foreign labour and consumer markets. For smaller companies, foreign activities may be limited to a single joint venture or to offshore production or distribution systems that involve one or two other countries. For larger corporations, foreign offices may be in over one hundred different countries (See Fulkerson Schuler, 1992). The presence of international affiliations, although not inevitable, is likely to lead eventually to the formation of teams of people with diverse cultural backgrounds, including management teams, design teams, operation teams and marketing teams (Adler Ghadar, 1991; Kanter, 1991; Von Glinow Mohrman, 1990) of which engage in decision making activities† â€Å"Theories and techniques of diversity management have been developed and enthusiastically supported by a growing number of chief executives, training specialists, diversity consultants and academics† (Saji, 2004)). Diversity can improve organizational effectiveness. â€Å"Organizations that develop experience in and reputations for managing diversity will likely attract the best personnel (Carrel et al, 2000). â€Å"Diversity requires a type of organizational culture in which each employee can pursue his or her career aspirations without being intimidated by gender, race, nationality, religion or other factors that are irrelevant to performance† (Bryan. 1999). Managing diversity means â€Å"enabling the diverse workforce to perform its full potential in an equitable work environment, where no one group has an advantage or disadvantage† (Torres Bruxelles, 1992). â€Å"Diversity in the workplace can be a competitive advantage because differing viewpoints can facilitate unique and creative approaches to problem-solving, thereby increasing creativity and innovation, which in turn leads to better organizational performance† (Allen et al, 2004). â€Å"For example, in Botswana, the society is becoming multicultural due to the increasing migrant population and their descendants. For organizations, this means that their market share, efficiency. â€Å"Human capital, international competitiveness and level of innovation will depend on their ability to effectively manage a diverse workforce both within and across organizational boundaries† (Barker Hartel, 2004; Dass Parker, 1996; Kandola et al, 1995; Strauss Mang, 1999)† Conclusions Jackson (2003) â€Å"In today’s business environment, work teams are becoming more common and more diverse, intensifying the importance of understanding the dynamics of work- team diversity. Of particular importance, is diversity within decision making teams. Organizations are rapidly restructuring to take advantage of the potential benefits of diverse decision making teams are worth the risk (or can be successfully avoided). Many of the specific assets and liabilities of work teams arise directly out of diversity†. Despite various intensive efforts to measure diversity and predict its outcomes, Jackson (2003) asserts â€Å"many literature offer few conclusive findings about the effects of diversity in the workplace. Lack of a common paradigm will make it difficult to accumulate comparable findings over time, while agreement around some issues could accelerate our ability to learn from previous accumulated evidence. One useful element that could be suggested could be a common paradigm; it would be for researchers to agree to a common theme or definition of diversity which would in turn lead to less confusion about this concept† (See also Carroll Harrison, 1998; Bedeian Mossholder, 2000). Jackson (2003) affirms that â€Å"Pettigrew (1998) used a very different approach to developing a blueprint for enabling organizational effectiveness. Based on a comprehensive review of a large body of research conducted in a variety of settings, Pettigrew identified the conditions needed to reduce intergroup bias and its negative consequence and described several processes that could be engaged to create these conditions. To the extent an origination’s diversity initiatives support these processes, they would encourage the development of positive intergroup relations, employee commitment, improved productivity and increased organizational effectiveness (See also Gaertner et al, 2000) and they are: Learning about the other group(s) was one key process identified by Pettigrew, Inaccurate stereotypes resist change for a variety of reasons but inaccurate stereotypes can be modified if people receive sufficient disconfirming evidence. Such learning is often the objective of diversity awareness training. Behavioural Change is the second key process that is needed to promote positive intergroup relations. Engaging repeatedly in positive behaviour with members of a work team can lead to long term attitudinal change towards members. Providing training in the behavioural competencies needed to work effectively in organizations characterized by diversity is one way to encourage people to engage in positive behaviour towards work group members Creating positive emotions associated with the work group is the third key process. For example, mentoring programs may encourage the development of intergroup friendships. The value of personal friendships may help explain the apparent success of informal mentoring programs†. In conclusion, it seems likely that active diversity management will be required in order for organizations to comprehend the potential benefits locked up within their diverse work forces and as such organizations must put in place strategies to enhance workforce diversity. â€Å"Research based principles for achieving these benefits and minimising potential losses have been offered. Some organizations are undoubtedly experimenting with practises that are consistent with these principles† Jackson et al (1995). By the end of this decade, perhaps another review of diversity will yield useable suggestions for how to create a sustainable and effective organizational condition called for by Pettigrew’s analysis. References Allen, R.S., Dawson, G., Wheatley, K and White, C.S. (2008) â€Å"Perceived Diversity and Organizational Performance† Employee Relations, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 20-33. Ashkanasy, N.M., Hartel, C.E.J. and Dass, C.S (2002) â€Å"Diversity and Emotion: The New Frontiers in Organizational Behaviour Research† Journal of Management, Vol. 28, pp. 307-338. Barker, S. and Hartel C.E.J (2004) â€Å"Intercultural service encounter: An exploratory study of customer experiences† Journal of Cross Cultural Management, Vol. 11(1) pp. 3-14. Bedian, A.G and Mossholder, K.W (2000) â€Å"On the use of the coefficient of variations as a measure of diversity† Organizational research Methods, Vol. 3: 285-297. Bryan J.H (1999) â€Å"The diversity Imperative† Executive Excellence, pp6 Bunderson, J.S and Sutcliffe K.M (2002) â€Å"Comparing alternative conceptualizations of functional diversity in management teams: process and performance effects† Academy of Management Journal, 45:875-893 Carroll, G.R and Harrison, J.R (1998) â€Å"Organizational demography and culture: insights from a former model and simulation† Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 43:637-667 Cascio, W.F (1998) â€Å"Managing Human Resources Productivity, Quality of Work Life, Profits†, McGraw Hill, Boston, MA Cox T Blake S. (1991) â€Å"Managing Cultural Diversity: Implications for Organizational Competitiveness† The Academy of Management Executive, August. Cox T (1991) â€Å"The multicultural organization† the academy of management executive, May Cummings J (2004), Work groups, structural diversity, and knowledge sharing in a global organization, Management Science, Vol. 50 pp.352 364. Cummings, J. N. Cross, R. (2003) â€Å"Structural Properties of Work Groups and their Consequences for Performance† Social Networks, Vol. 25 (3), 197-210. Dass, P Parker B (1999) â€Å"Strategies for managing human resource diversity: from resistance to learning† Academy of Management Executive, vol. 13: 68-80 Elsass, P.M Graves L.M (1997) â€Å"Demographic diversity in decision making groups: The experiences of women and people of colour† Academy of Management review, Vol 22: 946-973 Ely R.J Thomas D.A (2001) â€Å"Cultural diversity at work: The effects of diversity perspectives on work group processes and outcomes† Administrative Science Quarterly, vol 46: 229-273. Fiske, S. (1993) â€Å"Social Cognition and Social Perception† in Rozenwig M.R L.W Porter (Eds) Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 44:155-194. Pato Alto, CA: Annual Reviews Inc. Friedman, R.A (1996) â€Å"Defining the scope and logic of minority and female network groups: can separation enhance integration?† Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management, vol. 14: 307-349 Fleury, 1999 Gaertner S.L, Dovidio, J.F, Banker B.S, Houlette, M, Johnson K.M and Mc Glynn, E.A (2000) â€Å"Reducing intergroup conflict: From super ordinate goals to categorization, recategorization and mutual differentiation† Group dynamics: Theory, Research and practise, Vol 4: 98-114. Hayes, E. (1999) â€Å"Winning at Diversity† Executive Excellence pp.9 Klein, K. J. Harrison, D. A. (2007) â€Å"On the diversity of diversity: Tidy logic, messier realities† Academic of Management Perspectives, 21(4): 26-33. Jackson, B.W, La Fasto, F, Schultz, H.G, Kelly, D (1992) â€Å"Diversity† Human Resource Management, vol 31,pp.21-34 Jackson, S.E, Joshi, A and Erhardt, N.L (2003) â€Å"Recent Research in Team and Organizational Diversity: SWOT analysis and Implications† Journal of Management, vol. 29, No. 6, pp.801-830. Jackson, S.E, May, K.E Whitney, K. (1995) â€Å"Under the dynamics of diversity in decision making teams† in Guzzo, A Salas, E. (Eds) Team effectiveness and decision making in organizations, pp. 204-261. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Jackson, S.E, Stone, V.K Alvarez, E.B (1993) â€Å"Socialization amidst diversity: impact of demographics on work team old timers and newcomers† Research in Organizational Behaviour, Vol. 15: 45-111. Jehn, K.A, Northcraft, G.B Neale, M.A (1999) â€Å"Why differences make a difference: a field study in diversity, conflict and performance in workgroups† Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.44, pp. 741-763. Kandola, R, Fullerton, J and Ahmed, Y (1995) â€Å"Managing diversity: succeeding where equal opportunities have failed† Equal Opportunities Review, 59:31-36. Kling, K.C, Hyde J.S, Showers, C.J Buswell, B.N (1999) â€Å"Gender differences in self esteem: A Meta-analysis† Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 125:470-500 Konrad, A.M, Ritchie, J.E, Lieb, J.R Corrigall, E (2000) â€Å"Sex differences and similarities in job attribute preferences: A Meta-analysis† Psychological bulletin, 126:593-641 Milliken, F.J Martins, L.L (1996) â€Å"Searching for common threads: understanding the multitude effects of diversity in organizational groups† Academy of management review, 21: 402-433 Ongori, H and Argolla, J.E (2007) â€Å"Critical review of literature on Workforce Diversity† African journal of Business Management, pp. 72-76 Pelled, L.H, Eisenhardt, K .M Xin, K.R (1999) â€Å"Exploring the black box: An analysis of work group diversity, conflict and performance† Administrative Science Quarterly, 44:1-28. Pettigrew, T.F (1998) â€Å"Intergroup Contact Theory† Annual Review of Psychology, 49:65-85 Reskin B.F, McBrier, M Kmec, J.A (1999) â€Å"The determinants and consequences of workplace sex and race composition† Annual Review of sociology, Vol 25:335-362 Riordan, C.M (2000) â€Å"Relational demography within groups: past developments, contradictions and new directions† Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management, Vol 19:131-174 Roberson, L, Kulik, C.T and Pepper, M.B (2001) â€Å"Designing effective diversity training: influence of group composition and trainee experience† Journal of Organizational Behaviour , vol. 22: 871-885 Shaw, J.B Barrett-Power, E (1998) â€Å"The effects of diversity on small work group processes and performance† Human Relations, Vol 51: 1307-1325. Strauss, P, Mang, J (1999) â€Å"Culture shocks in inter-cultural service encounter?† Journal of Services Marketing, vol 4, no 5 pp.329-346 Sonnenschein, W. (1992) â€Å"The diversity toolkit: how you can build and benefit from a diverse workforce† Contemporary Publishing Company, USA. Thomas, D.A Ely, R.D (1996) â€Å"Making differences matter: A new paradigm for managing diversity† Harvard Business Review. Sep/Oct: 79-90 Torres, C, Bruxelles, M (1992) â€Å"capitalizing on global diversity† HM Magazine, pp.30-33 Tsui, A.S Gutek, B.A (1999) â€Å"Demographic differences in organizations† Lanham, MD: Lexington Books Watson, W.E, Kumar, K, Michaelsen, L (1993) â€Å"Cultural diversity’s impact on interaction process and performance: comparing homogenous diverse task groups† Academy of Management Journal, 36(3) pp.590-602. Webber, S.S Donahue L.M (2001) â€Å"Impact of highly and less job-related diversity on work group cohesion and performance: A Meta-analysis† Journal of management, vol 27: 141-162. Wentling, R.M, Palma-Rivas, N (2000) â€Å"Current status of diversity initiatives in selected multinational cooperations† human resource Development Quarterly, 11(1) pp.35-60 Willaims, K.Y O’Reilly, C.A (1998) â€Å"Demography and Diversity in organizations: A review of 40 years of research† in BM Staw Cummings LL (Eds), Research in Organizational Behaviour, Vol. 20: 77-140, www.springerlink.com/content/h2j1304710738k50/ [accessed on 10.4.09] www.adc-assoc.com/the%20Business%20Case%20for%20Diversity [accessed on 30.04.09] www.sns.se/forskning/valfard/migration/occpap86.pdf [accessed on 24.04.09]

Essay on Horatio Essay

Often overlooked in the critical analysis of the play, Horatio is a character whose actions are of no major importance, yet in the context of the play’s meaning, his role is crucial. Like the Ghost, Horatio helps Shakespeare to refine the concept of the virtuous man. This is shown through Horatio’s ideals, his relationship with Hamlet, their differences and similarities. We assume that his studies in Wittenberg make develop his rational thinking and thus he would naturally reject the possibility of a ghost – however he is the one to tell Hamlet about his father’s apparition. Even after witnessing the Ghost, Horatio remains a rationalist. His mind is sober, and he encourages Hamlet to preserve self-control – a key virtue of the Stoics. Yet when Hamlet dies (possibly in Horatio’s arms, depending on stage directions) the roles reverse – Horatio, charged by Hamlet’s passion, almost dies with the prince. For the audience, Horatio becomes a separate and important entity as Hamlet delivers the speech about his character that defines Hamlet’s own ideals. Shakespeare gives Hamlet the chance to voice the faculties he admires, thus giving us another chance to understand the greater aspirations and aims of the protagonist. He says: ‘Horatio, thou art e’en as just a man As e’er my conversation coped withal. Nay do not think I flatter,†¦ †¦ Since my dear soul was mistress of her choice, And could of men distinguish, her election Hath sealed thee to herself; for thou hast been As one, in suff’ring all, that suffers nothing; A man that Fortune’s buffets and rewards Hath ta’en with equal thanks; and blest are those Whose blood and judgment are so well co-mingled That they are not a pipe in Fortune’s finger To sound what stop she please. Give me that man. That is not passion’s slave, and I will wear him In my heart’s core, ay in my heart of heart, As I do thee. ‘ (3. 253-73) Horatio is not passion’s slave – if passions, like Fortune, is personified, then it becomes a sort of ancient deity that chooses to blind humans and deny them all rational choice. To a certain extent, all other characters in the tragedy are to varying degree subject to their passions. Horatio by contrast is calm and stable; he is skeptical and rational, as can be seen from his encounter with the Ghost. If passion is a disease-like quality that Hamlet believes to be defectious, then Horatio exemplifies a pure and honourable person – honest by definition, since he does not allow passions to fool his conscience and justify any selfish means or aims. However the most important aspect highlighted by the Prince is Horatio’s philosophical understanding of life. The speech suggests Horatio is a follower of Stoicism, an ancient way of thinking developed once by the ancients and then revived by the great thinkers of the Renaissance. Founded by Xenon, (334-262b. c. ) the philosophy taught to discipline one’s behaviour according to one’s rational mind. Hamlet states that his ideal is such. However the prince himself is not ‘free’ or deprived of passions. The qualities he admires in Horatio are starkly different to the ones he himself displays in his very first monologue. He speaks of evil as ‘self-slaughter’ and cannot come to terms with things ‘rank and grosse in nature’ (1. 2) Hamlet is a man of many different moods and tempers; in this one speech he begins disgusted, grows more passionate in his hatred and it is not until the last two line of that speech when Hamlet says ‘I must hold my tongue’ and regains control of his emotions. It is clear the protagonist cannot remain unaffected when he sees evil’s manifestation in any form; his whole being actively protests and rejects amoral and dishonourable actions. Because of this, Hamlet’s ideal human nature that Shakespeare personifies through Horatio’s character remains, until the time comes at the end of the play, unlike Hamlet’s own. Preparing to fight Laertes, says to Horatio who is desperately trying to prevent the Prince from fencing, convinced he will lose: ‘There is special providence in the fall of a sparrow’ (5.2). This whole speech signifies the way Hamlet matures from admiring into exhibiting Stoic ideals, yet applying them in a more universal way than Horatio. Through hardship and experience Hamlet accepts Fate, but refuses to step aside and give up fighting for his cause. He takes Horatio’s logic and focus, acknowledges all the basis of the teachings of Stoicism, yet unites this with his burning desire to fight evil and restore justice. Horatio’s attempts to save Hamlet from death are doomed, because the protagonist believes the question about his own life has been decided, and thus no longer bothers him. A true Stoic does not fear death. Hamlet’s mysterious last words, uttered to Horatio, echo this: ‘†¦ the rest is silence’ (5. 2. 351) Furthermore, if at the beginning of the play Hamlet and Horatio lack the virtues of each other (Hamlet, unlike his friend, cannot distance himself from anxieties, whereas Horatio comes across as almost emotionally withdrawn), by the end different dimensions of both characters are revealed to us. Horatio, although still wise and composed, truly loves Hamlet. Realising the imminence of the Prince’s death, Horatio grabs the cup with the remaining poison, ready to follow his friend in death. Hamlet stops him and, on his deathbed, urges Horatio to remember the philosophy they both adored, and live by it: ‘If thou didst ever hold me in thy heart, Absent thee from felicity awhile, And in this harsh world draw thy breath in pain To tell my story. ‘ It is important that Hamlet hands over his secret to Horatio, trusting him to clear his name and justify his actions to posterity. Horatio obeys and we trust him to communicate the truth, restoring Hamlet’s innocence. Horatio’s character helps us to understand Hamlet better, to realise how the protagonist matures, and witness the best in him even as he lay dying. Shakespeare’s inclusion of Horatio and his relationship with Hamlet stresses the importance of nobility, dignity, felicity and other moral principles and virtues valued by the Ancient. And lastly, Horatio rules out a conclusive judgment concerning Hamlet’s death and his suffering, and tells of them as ‘carnal, bloody and unnatural acts’ ensuring the audience perceived those strong feelings too.

Managing Change of British Petroleum Essay - 4075 Words

managing change in british petroleum CONTENTS: * A view of British Petroleum * A brief description of BP incident in the Gulf of Mexico. * Critical Evaluation of Potential changes that may take place in BP * Evaluation the importance of change and Potential problems when implementing change * Evaluation the effectiveness of BP strategy for managing change within the organisation * Conclusion * A view of British Petroleum British Petroleum also known as BP Amoco is one of the largest petroleum industries located primarily in London. It is regarded as one of the top four petroleum and oil petroleum firms and establishment in the global market. BP plc (British Petroleum) is an†¦show more content†¦Efforts by multiple ships to douse the flames were unsuccessful. After burning for approximately 36 hours, the Deepwater Horizon sank on the morning of 22 April 2010. As a result, the drilling riser running from the wellhead on the ocean floor up to the oil rig was destroyed. 24 April, Landry announced that a damaged wellhead was indeed leaking oil into the Gulf and described it as a very serious spill. BP has not given a cause for the explosion. According to the US Congressional investigation the rigs blowout preventer, a fail - safe device fitted at the base of the well, built by Cameron International Corporation, had a hydraulic leak and a failed battery, and therefore failed. * Spill flow rate To date, almost 116,000 claims have been submitted and more than 67,500 payments have been made, totalling $207 million. The cost of the response to date amounts to approximately $3.95 billion, including the cost of the spill response, containment, relief well drilling, grants to the Gulf states, claims paid, and federal costs. On June 16, BP announced an agreed package of measures, including the creation of a $20 billion fund to satisfy certain obligations arising from the oil and gas spill. * Spill area Offshore oil and gas in the US Gulf of Mexico is a major source of oilShow MoreRelatedBritish Petroleum: Analysis of the Different Management Leadership Styles1506 Words   |  6 Pagesand Motivation Abstract In this paper, we will analyze British Petroleum which is a well known multinational firm. We will also assess the working culture of Britain which will mainly focus regarding its workforce and then provide some motivational strategies which can be linked with better productivity. Finally we will recommend different management leadership styles that would best fit our chosen firm. Overview British Petroleum is a well renowned multinational oil and gas firm which hasRead MoreBritish Petroleum1639 Words   |  7 PagesGoode February 4, 2015 Week 4 Assignment 1 Professor Richard Carrol BUS 475 Business and Society Introduction The Anglo-Persian Oil Company which is now known as British Petroleum (BP) was founded in 1909 and is one of the world’s leading international gas and oil companies. The multinational British company’s headquarters is located in London, United Kingdom and is one of the five largest oil companies in the world. The pioneer of the Middle Eastern oil industry, BP discoveredRead MorePetroleum And Natural Gas Exploration Essay1701 Words   |  7 Pages Executive Summary April 20, 2010 was the beginning of the end for British Petroleum. BP was started in 1901 by William Knox D’Arcy. Their mission is to operate oil and natural gas exploration, while marketing and distributing all over the globe. The primary issues the company faces are rebuilding their business after the tragic oil spill, their low oil prices and internal leadership promotions. Following the 2010 oil spill, all of BP’s top executives were fired, and the company has continuedRead MoreExxon Mobil1642 Words   |  7 Pagesairports and seaports can not use alternative energy in their endeavors. Competition Although Exxon is the largest fossil fuel producer they do have some competition with British Petroleum, Royal Dutch Shell and Chevron. These companies’s do not have the same output as Xom, but some might say they are ahead in many ways. British petroleum (BP) has been doing a lot with alternative energy for the future unlike Exxon which has mainly focused on gasoline. Shell has also made some large landmarks in alternativeRead MoreEssay About Greenwash1287 Words   |  6 PagesFirstly, greenwashing activities help to attract customers so that profits can be remarkably increased (Berkeley Media Studies Group 2008, p.20). According to Solman (2008, p.24), British Petroleum (BP), a well-known oil company, profited from the rebranding effort as the corporation changed its name to Beyond Petroleum which can be associated with nature. Meanwhile, greenwashing can help to improve a company’s reputation (Solman 2008, pp.22-23). For example, Solman (2008, pp.22-23) states that BPRead MoreAnalysis of Recruitment and Selection Process3149 Words   |  13 Pagesquantitative or qualitative. In this report quantitative information is involved. The major purposes of this report are to review the existing process of recruiting amp; selecting employees, to measure the efficiency of the process, to suggest changes in the process if necessary. * Sample Design In this internship program, Padma Oil Company Limited, Head Office, Chittagong has been selected to carry out the study. There are two units used for sampling design. The primary Unit was all departments’Read MoreInternational Management: Market Entry2382 Words   |  10 Pagesanalysis of the marketing entry mode that British Petroleum may use to enter the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) market. In this manner, the discussion of the current situation of Hong Kong will be analyse as well as the international management approach that can be used by the company to sustain competitiveness within the international market. Overview of the Company British Petroleum known today as BP Amoco is a petroleum industry based in London. It is recognizedRead MoreIct Used By Petrol Stations Essay1166 Words   |  5 Pagesconvenience to your customers and higher throughput during peak-times for you. The G6 OPT offers many features at lower costs with value-added services which are easier and makes the payments faster. 3. Point of Sale (POS): POS helps companies in managing the fuel retail business. It combines large touch screen graphic display interface with software tools which allows the company to connect to other systems like dispensers, indoor and outdoor payments, CCTV, tank level gauges, back office and carRead MoreHess3375 Words   |  14 PagesRefining (Mamp;R) as well as Exploration and Production (Eamp;P) operations in 23 countries. They have a concentrated focus in the exploration, production, purchase, transportation, and sale of crude oil and natural gas as well as markets refined petroleum products, natural gas, and electricity. This company owns thousands of Hess gas stations, which include small convenience stores or Dunkin Donuts stores, throughout the East Coast of the United States to hundreds of thousands of acres of land inRead MoreExploration And Production Of Petroleum1780 Words   |  8 Pagesoil rose and regulations on the prices of oil became nonexistent (Congressiona l Digest 2010). The petroleum industry continued to spread through open waters. By the 1950s â€Å"oil became the second-largest revenue generator for the country† (Congressional Digest 2010). Advancements in technology resumed to progress and grow throughout the years allowing for easier â€Å"exploration and production of petroleum in deeper water† (Congressional Digest 2010). In 1969 crude oil was poured out into the Dos Cuadras

Before Night Falls Essay - 1365 Words

Before Night Falls In the novel, Before Night Falls by Reinaldo Arenas who lived from 1943 to 1990, the author conveys many subjects and captures the reader to the full extent. Reinaldo Arenas, the author and the person who lived the experience writes this book for us in hopes of capturing our feelings and sympathy of the Cuban Revolution. Arenas wrote over twenty books, including ten novels and numerous short stories and poems. Arenas was not the only writer affected though as he states that, â€Å"All the literature of this century is somewhat burdened by the theme of uprootedness,† (Arenas, 36) which means every piece of literature surrounded the system of being exiled or the fear of being caught or doing wrong and being thrown out to†¦show more content†¦The book opens to the succulent, splendor forest, full of vivid emotion and color where Arenas started the beginning of his life in Oriente Province, Cuba. The setting is one of poverty, but the natural world around him seemed to be beautiful and dazzling. Arenas shows this by saying, â€Å"The splendor of my childhood was unique because of its absolute poverty and absolute freedom surrounded by trees, animals, and people who are indifferent towards me (Arenas 332).† This quote foreshadows the rest of the story in that Reinaldo soon faces indifference from other people because he is unique and is doing something a â€Å"different way†. Also, this quotation points out the wonderful time he had as a child where there seemed to be opportunity, before Fidel Castro came into power restricting most rights. Furthermore, Arenas was free as a child and was uplifted by the cognitive nature of opportunity, but as he got older the setting started to change and dreams were tarnished and opportunity was thrown away by political interference. Reinaldo Arenas’ childhood was the only time of happiness and immaculacy and throughout the rest of the story Arenas is on a desperate search for enchant ment in his once short lived paradise. As Arenas states in the book, â€Å"These, to be sure, were farfetched hopes, hopes born of despair, but hope is, after all, mostly for the desperate (Arenas 260).† This quote purely gives an edge to Arenas’ personality, saying that he,Show MoreRelated Dick as Tragic Hero in Fitzgeralds Tender is the Night Essays1709 Words   |  7 PagesDick as Tragic Hero in Tender is the Night      Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Fitzgerald’s Tender is the Night tells the story of an American psychiatrist Dick Diver and his wealthy, schizophrenic wife Nicole. We follow the deterioration of the seemingly wonderful, happy marriage of the stylish couple presented in the first book, to the finalizing divorce of the newly empowered and relatively stable Nicole and the somewhat broken, yet content Dick. Dick’s fall from grace is not entirely surprising considering the weaknessesRead More The Compulsion Toward Evil in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown1102 Words   |  5 PagesCompulsion Toward Evil in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†      Ã‚   It is the intention of this essay to demonstrate the compulsion toward gross evil in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† that is indicated by the actions of the characters, a compulsion that includes not only the leading characters but virtually everyone in the tale.    In Salem village that fateful night when the young Puritan husband was departing home for the night, he exchanged â€Å"a parting kiss with his young wife.† The wind was playing with â€Å"theRead MoreThe Problem Of Teenage Sleeping Disorders1020 Words   |  5 Pagesfalling asleep and staying asleep, the ones who fall asleep at the wrong times, people who sleep too much, and people who have abnormal behaviors while sleeping. The most common types of sleeping disorders in teens is that they have trouble falling asleep and staying asleep. This is because a teens natural sleeping pattern would be to fall asleep at 11 p.m.(National Sleep Foundation), so when they try and to go to sleep early, it is very hard to fall asleep. Also, teens have very irregular sleepingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Why Leaves Turn Color On The Fall By Diane Ackerman1005 Words   |  5 PagesSnow Storms Diane Ackerman wrote an essay called â€Å"Why Leaves Turn Color in the Fall†, in which in great detail she explains why leaves change color in the fall. She uses subjective description with science terms to provide the reader with the feeling that science, or nature is amazing as it does all of this wonderful things to leaves. â€Å"Early frost sits heavily on the grass, and turns barbed wire into a string of stars† (86) Ackerman combines two ordinary things like frost and barbed wire, and usesRead MoreShould Schools Compensate And Start Later?1347 Words   |  6 Pagesning head: ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY 2 BEEP! BEEP! BEEP! A door opening and a parent saying â€Å"wake up, time for school,† is the average child s worst part of the day. Most kids hate having to wake up before noon to go to school. But why? Why is waking up early as a child such a problem, when adults wake up just as early to go to their jobs? Is it because children stay up later into the night than they used to? Or just because they’re bodies are on a different time schedule all together? And ifRead MoreEssay Grade Justification967 Words   |  4 Pagesoverall earned a B+ as a final grade. During the semester my grades have been consistently average and my essays have gotten progressively more detailed and although they haven’t been the most concise they have gotten a lot stronger and showed more promise as the semester progressed which is showing that, during the time I have been learning things in class and applying those skills towards essays, and homework. During the class period I have also participated in almost, if not all of the class discussionsRead MoreA Short Story1483 Words   |  6 Pagesalgebraic equations, and unquantifiable amount of differential equations, the clock struck midnight. It was late at night and I was winding down from a long day of school work. My body sagged with fatigue, arms unable to rise above my waist, and my head drooped in eagerness to meet my bed. Of course I was eager in turn to meet my head’s throbbing expectations, leaping into bed to a night long and full of eventful dreams. Then I heard those fatal words, courtesy of my darling mother ,† Did you have goodRead MoreCollege Writing And High School Writing941 Words   |  4 Pagesand research than I have ever had to do before. Throughout the semester, I have definitely improved my diction and how I organize my essays and my introductions, but I feel as though my time management skills could use some enhancement. English was always my strongest subject, especially when it came to vocabulary tests. I had a talent for memorizing words and definitions and it always came easy to me. So when I would review my work on these previous essays, I noticed how strong my writing soundedRead MoreRomeo and Juliet: Romeos emotions for Juliet compared to Rosaline941 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Romeo and Juliet Essay One of Shakespeare’s most famous tragedies is ‘Romeo and Juliet’. Romeo, the male protagonist, is a thoughtful, sensitive character who comes across as a very non-violent person. He behaves a little immaturely at times (usually under the influence of his cousins) but is generally a very serious person. At the beginning of the play, he seems to be love-sick as he has an unrequited love – better put as an infatuation – for Rosaline from the house of Capulet, but later, in ActRead MoreAchebe1599 Words   |  7 Pages Achebe’s Defense of The Ibo People in Things Fall Apart Option 1 The late Chinua Achebe is considered to be one of the most important voices in African literature. Born in colonial Nigeria in the 1930’s, Achebe joined the first wave of African writers who were determined to represent their country in a way that would truthfully depict the past and present. Before the arrival of the first wave writers, the history of pre-colonial Africa was portrayed as a place of barbarous activity. European